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Selection of cutting speed for ultra-precision cutting
Precision machiningIn the process of cutting, the cutting speed is very important, and there must be a certain choice. Today we will talk about Selection of cutting speed for ultra-precision cutting. The cutting edge of natural single crystal diamond tools used in ultra-precision cutting can be sharply sharpened. The hardness of diamond is extremely high, which is the hardest substance among the materials we know. It has good wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, and low friction coefficient between non-ferrous metals, so the cutting temperature is low, the tool life is very high when processing non-ferrous metals, and a very high cutting speed (1000-2000m/min) can be used. The tool can cut for a long time with little wear. The cutting speed has little effect on the wear of diamond tools. Ultra-precision cutting requires an ultra-smooth machining surface and high machining accuracy. This requires the knife to have a high dimensional life. Whether the tool has worn out will be based on whether the quality of the machining surface has dropped. The dimensional life of diamond tools is very high, and tool wear is also very slow during high-speed cutting. Therefore, in ultra-precision cutting, the cutting speed is not restricted by the tool life, which is different from the ordinary cutting law. The cutting speed actually selected for ultra-precision cutting is often selected based on the dynamic characteristics of the ultra-precision machine tool used and the dynamic characteristics of the cutting system, that is, the rotation speed with the smallest vibration. Because at this speed, the surface roughness is the smallest and the processing quality is the highest. Obtaining a high-quality machined surface is the primary issue of ultra-precision cutting. The use of good quality, especially good dynamic characteristics, low vibration, ultra-precision machine tools can use high cutting speeds, which can improve the efficiency of processing. For example, when mass-producing computer disks, due to the large output, high efficiency is required, such as cutting 5in (in=25.4mm) disks (aluminum alloy) using 3000r/min, while in single-piece small batch production, generally only use hundreds of revolutions per minute Cutting speed. For example, the ultra-precision lathe of SI-255 hydrostatic spindle produced by Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Plant vibrates greatly at 700-800r/min. Therefore, when using this machine tool for ultra-precision cutting, it is necessary to avoid the speed range and cut higher or lower than this speed to obtain a better surface quality. Low speed can be selected when processing batches are small; high speed can be used when large batches require high production efficiency.
