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Structure characteristics and technical requirements of general precision shaft parts
General precision shaft parts are divided into optical shaft, stepped shaft, hollow shaft and special-shaped shaft (including crankshaft, half shaft, cam shaft, eccentric shaft, cross) according to their structural characteristics Shaft and spline shaft, etc.) four categories. If it is divided according to the ratio of the length and diameter of the shaft, it can be divided into two types of rigid shaft (L/d12 and winding shaft (L/d≥12). 1. Structural characteristics of general shaft parts Shaft parts are rotating body parts, whose length is greater than the diameter, and are usually composed of outer cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, threads, splines, keyways, lateral holes, grooves and other surfaces. 2. Technical requirements of general shaft parts (1) Processing accuracy 1) Dimensional accuracy. The main surfaces of shaft parts are often divided into two categories: one is the outer journal that cooperates with the inner ring of the bearing, that is, the support journal, which is used to determine the position of the shaft and support the shaft. It is IT5~IT7; the other is the journal that cooperates with various transmission parts, that is, the matching journal, and its tolerance level is slightly lower, usually IT6~IT9. 2) Shape accuracy. Mainly refers to the roundness and cylindricity of important surfaces such as journal surfaces, outer conical surfaces, and conical holes. The error should generally be limited to the dimensional tolerance; for precision shafts, the geometric accuracy of the shape must be separately specified on the drawing. 3) Mutual position accuracy. Including the inner and outer surfaces, the coaxiality of the important axis, the radial runout of the circle, the verticality of the important end-to-axis axis, the parallelism between the end faces, etc. (2) Surface roughness. The machining surface of the shaft has the requirement of surface roughness, which is generally determined according to the possibility and economy of machining. The surface roughness of the supporting journal is usually Ra0.2~1.6mm, and the transmission part matching the journal is Ra0.4~3.2mm.
