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How to become a master of CNC machine tool operation
When it comes to the line of Precision machining, it is indispensable to talk about operation of CNC machine tools, where there are programming and control. So if you want to become a CNC master (metal cutting), I asked our employees in the workshop. They said that it would take at least 6 years from graduation into the factory. He must have both the theoretical level of an engineer and the practical experience and practical ability of a senior technician. In other words, it is not easy to become a machine tool master in the true sense. Today we will talk about how a rookie in machine tool operation can become a master of CNC machine tool operation. The first step: must be an excellent craftsman. CNC machine tools integrate drilling, milling, boring, reaming, tapping and other processes in one. The technical literacy of craftsmen is very high. The NC program is a computer language to reflect the process of processing technology. Craft is the foundation of programming. If you don't understand the process, you can never say that you can program. So when our new employees come in, they usually let him go to the workshop to stay with the teacher for more than half a month. In fact, when we chose the profession of Precision machining, it means that the early career is difficult and rough. A little basic knowledge learned in the university is pitiful in the face of the needs in the factory. It can be said that it is not even necessary, and the employees who have done this have a deep experience. Mechanical processing engineers are, to a certain extent, experienced engineers. This sentence is not difficult to understand. It is to use the experience learned in the production process. To put it more bluntly, I have done more and have more experience. Therefore, a lot of time must be with the workers, dry lathes, Milling machines, grinders, machining centers, etc.; then we will compile the process, estimate the material consumption, and calculate the quota in the office. You must be familiar with the performance of various machine tools and the skill level of the workshop masters. In this way, after 2-3 years of cultivation, you can basically become a qualified craftsman. After reading this short paragraph, did you feel a little scared? Indeed, the early craftsmen were very bitter and boring. From my personal experience, I suggest that young college students who have just worked must learn to learn from the workers' masters with an open mind. This is actually the same in every industry, and it is necessary to take a posture to learn with an open mind when entering a company. Once they can pass on decades of experience to you, you can take a lot of detours. Because you can't learn from these experience books, the choice of process is a comprehensive consideration of the choice of equipment capabilities and personnel technical capabilities. Without the support and trust of employees, it is impossible to become an excellent craftsman. Through such a long period of study and accumulation, you should meet the following technical standards and requirements: 1. Have a good measurement technology foundation. 2. Understand the assembly requirements and use requirements of the processed parts. 3. Have a good fixture base. 4. Have a common sense understanding of the related types of work. For example: casting, electrical processing, heat treatment, etc. 5. Familiar with the selection and maintenance of coolant. 6. Collect a certain amount of data on tools, machine tools, and machinery standards. Especially familiar with the cutting tool system for CNC machine tools. 7. Familiar with the company's process specifications, guidelines and general requirements that can be achieved by various process processes, and the process route of conventional parts. Reasonable material consumption and working hours quota. 8. Solid basic knowledge of tool theory, master the conventional cutting amount of the tool, etc. 9. Familiar with the performance of processed materials. If you don't even know the most basic material properties and uses, there is no way to understand. Then talk about others. This is very important and the most difficult. 10. Familiar with the structure and process characteristics of drilling, milling, boring, grinding and planing machines. The second step: Proficient in numerical control programming and computer software application. I think this is easier, there are dozens of programming instructions, and various systems are similar. It usually takes 1-2 months to be very familiar. Of course, this must have some foundation of programming learned in school. If you dont have any foundation, its really hard to learn in a month or two. The automatic programming software is a bit more complicated and requires modeling. But for people with good cad foundation, it is not difficult. In addition, if it is manual programming, the basis of analytical geometry is also better! Readers are the most suitable for learning this knowledge. At this time, the school can use some things learned. In practice, the criteria for a good procedure are: 1 For easy operation. Programming should be based on the operating characteristics of the machine tool, which is conducive to observation, inspection, measurement, safety, etc. For example, the same kind of parts and the same processing content are processed separately in the vertical machining center and the horizontal machining center, and the program is definitely different. 2 Easy to adjust. It is better not to change the program when the precision of parts processing needs to be fine-tuned. For example, if the tool is worn out, it needs to be adjusted by changing the length and radius in the tool offset table. 3 The fewer instructions in a block, the better, for simplicity, practicality, and reliability. From the perspective of programming, I think that the instructions are G00 and G01, and the others are auxiliary instructions, which are set for easy programming. 4 Easy to understand and organized, everyone can understand the operator. In mechanical processing, the simplest method is the best method. As long as you practice and operate more, the accumulation of experience in that sentence will definitely be a master. The third step: be able to skillfully operate CNC machine tools This requires 1-2 years of study, and the operation is stress-sensitive. Beginners, especially college students, know how to do it in their hearts, but they do not listen to it. This is very normal. Most novices will encounter such problems. The most important thing is not to be afraid, but do not mess up, otherwise it will be very dangerous. The easiest way is to ask more. In this process, we must learn: the system operation mode, the control of the cutting fluid, the installation of the fixture, the alignment of the part reference, the tool setting, the setting of the zero offset, the setting of the tool length compensation, the radius compensation, the installation of the tool and the tool holder, Unloading, tool sharpening, parts measurement (skilled use of vernier calipers, dial gauges, dial gauges, dial gauges, inner diameter lever gauges), etc. Many of these require hard work to learn, so the long time required is necessary, and there are no shortcuts. The most representative of the operation level are: horizontal machining center and large-scale gantry (moving beam, top beam) machining center. Generally, only old operators dare to operate. So in the CNC workshop, you can calm down and practice well! Generally speaking, the process from the processing of the first Precision parts to the passing of the processing accuracy requires the CNC programming technician to complete it in person. You can't skillfully operate the machine tool, this level cannot pass. The fourth step: must have a good tooling fixture foundation and measurement technology level. I list the tooling fixture and measurement technology separately because it plays a role as important as the accuracy of the machine tool on the quality of parts processing, and is one of the signs that reflects the level of craftsmen. The entire process system: The accuracy of the machine tool is guaranteed by the quality of the workpiece produced by the machine tool. The cutting tools and cutting parameters are provided by the tool manufacturer. The general problem is not big. Only the tooling fixtures are specially designed for the specific parts by the craftsman. Precision parts are all difficult, so there are often unpredictable problems. I have been engaged in CNC machine tool parts cutting and debugging for more than 10 years. The fixtures that do not need to be rectified have really not encountered. So tooling and fixtures must be learned well. During commissioning, the first part failed to be processed, partly due to the unreasonable positioning, clamping point and clamping force of the fixture. The difficulty of analyzing the reasons for the fixture is that it can only be qualitative, but it is not certain. This is purely based on experience. If you make a part, you must debug it if it is wrong. This will slowly debug it. However, generally experienced operators generally debug the fixtures immediately after the first two parts are processed unqualified. There are also some more serious ones that are debugged after being read, but such hot operators are rare. less. Therefore, the general staff still advises senior technicians who do precision coordinate boring machines. In addition, the precise measurement level is one of the basic skills in machining. It is necessary to be proficient in the basic measurement tools such as vernier calipers, dial gauges, dial gauges, dial gauges, internal diameter lever meters, and calipers. Sometimes parts processing, CMM can not be expected. Must be measured manually. Imagine if the quantity of parts is not accurate, which leader and worker master will trust you? It takes a long time to practice measurement techniques! But you must learn well. The fifth step is familiar with CNC machine tools. Proficient in the maintenance of CNC machine tools. The so-called familiar with CNC machine tools should do: 1. Familiar with the tool magazine mechanism and the principle of tool change. 2. Proficient in various precision (static and dynamic) indicators and detection methods of machine tools. 3. It can eliminate common operation faults (such as: over-limit, tool magazine tool number error, etc.) 4. Understand the characteristics of machine tool guide rails: is it a linear rail or a slide rail, how is the rigidity (bearing capacity)? 5. Understand the main transmission structure of the machine tool, and the specific data characteristics between the speed and torque of each machine tool. 6. Understand the cooling system of the machine tool: cutting (water, gas) cooling, spindle cooling, electric box cooling, etc. 7. Understand the lubrication system of the machine tool (bearings, main shaft, motion pairs, gear box, etc.) , Clear the distribution of lubrication points. The grade of machine tool lubricating oil and the normal oil consumption per week or month. 8. Understand the structure of the bearing at both ends of the screw of the machine tool and the influence on the accuracy of the machine tool. 9. Understand the structure and transmission principle of ball screw. Know which factors have a greater influence on the accuracy of the machine tool. 10. Familiar with CNC electrical components and control principles. Can tell the name and function of each component in the electric box, can understand the electrical schematic diagram. According to the electrical alarm number, the alarm content can be detected. The above items do not have more than 3 years of exercise, I am afraid it is difficult to meet the requirements. And many companies do not yet have the conditions for learning. It is recommended to consult with the master of the equipment maintenance department. Of course, many of the machine tools purchased by many companies now have after-sales service packages. As far as I know, the machine tools produced by Zhejiang Jinshang have such after-sales service. Later maintenance and maintenance are usually provided by their own people. But I think it is best to learn this. Because not all machine tool companies provide such services. I won't go into details about the maintenance of the machine tool. The machine tool manuals produced by various enterprises have instructions. It is not a big problem if you try to use it according to his scope of use. The main point of machine tool maintenance is "maintenance", which should always be paid attention to (long-term records should be made): 1. It is important to pay attention to whether the starting load of each axis of the machine tool changes normally every day after starting up. This is very important. It means that the resistance of the motion pair or the transmission pair has changed, so you have to stop and check it quickly. Otherwise, for a long time, the damage to the machine tool is extremely small, and there are also great hidden dangers to life safety. 2. Pay attention to the normal consumption of lubricating oil, coolant and cutting fluid. Too much, too little, must be checked. 3. Be sure to clean the electric box air-conditioning filter and vent filter frequently. Once the integrated circuit board of the power supply module and drive module inside the electric box is contaminated with dust containing iron powder, then the machine tool will appear inexplicable alarm, and the repair is not good. Just wait for the circuit board to change! Sixth, cultivate good habits and adapt to the characteristics of CNC machining. 1. The processing of some parts not only has a lot of processing content, but also converts the spatial three-dimensional coordinates. The calculation of the machining trajectory is very complicated and difficult to determine. If the consideration is not meticulous and comprehensive, and the calculation is inaccurate, the program changes during debugging will become more and more chaotic, and the probability of error will be greater. "Think before you go" is most appropriate here. 2. The part debugging process is a process of cooperation among many people, including operators, inspectors, fixture design, fixture assembly personnel, etc. When problems arise, they should be consulted and tested more, and they should avoid making arbitrary conclusions. Don't blame too much on the employees who made mistakes. It is most important to find a way to quickly solve the problem and make up for the loss. 3. The work of the CNC machine tool is controlled by instructions. During commissioning, before the "Start" button is pressed, you must be very clear about the path of the machine tool. Be rigorous and meticulous, never let the machine move first. Be sure to check every position of the machine before starting to operate the machine. Once the program is wrong or the compensation parameters are incorrect, or the wrong coordinate system is selected. From scrapped parts, to safety accidents. A person with a grumpy temper and cluelessness in doing things, and it is not suitable for someone who has repeatedly taught and changed. 4. If there is a problem during debugging and processing, be calm, don't panic and misuse again. Psychological quality is better. You can feel that you have to make up for the solution quickly. If you cant, dont try to find a teacher or a leader to solve it. 5. When the parts are debugged many times and fail, the analysis should be organized and the responsibility should be given. Some relevant departments will give various explanations for various reasons. At this time, you have to be opinionated. Remember: It doesnt matter if you make a mistake. You cant say it after you make a mistake. Let the mistake continue. Then you I will never make progress and damage the company's interests. 6, any machine tool operator, due to environmental constraints, technical capabilities are always limited. Coupled with the rapid development of technology, there is always room for improvement. Don't be complacent when you go, so you will slowly become a frog at the bottom of the well, and you need to learn and work hard. Only in this way can the company's boss be a good helper and good staff. This article Address:https://www.professionalmanufacturing.com/shownews.asp?id=74
